Improved bkick-iiln



R. ROBSON.

Brick Kiln.

42 Sheets-'Sheet i.

No. 76,946. Patented April 2i, i868.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2. R. HOBSON.

Brick Kiln. l No. 76,946. y Patented April 2l, 1868.V

- [nz/enva?? -N.PEI'ERS, PHOTULITHOGRAPNER. WAsHlHGTON D C @uitrittatrsatrat ffira ,A F insection, line .e z, andthe remainder in sectionon line z zof Fig. IV.

ROBERT Rensen-,10F BUFEA'LQNEWYQRK.

Letters Patent No. 76,946, dated April 21, i868.

IMPROVBD BRICK-mn.

TO .ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known thatI, ROBERT ROBSQN, of the city of Buil`alo,-in the county.of Erie, and State of New York,

have invented a new and improved Brick and Tile-Kiln; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full and exact description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which-f Figure-I isa partial plan and horizontal section of my improved kiln, showingcompartments C D in plan,

Figure II is'a sidcelevation thereof. i Figure VIII is a verticalsection of one o f the divisions ofthe kiln,ma'de in plane of linea: z,Fig. IV, showing the inner end of the compartment. a g

F'igure 1V is a vertical vsentan of the same cut by a radial plane, asshown by dotted line yy, Fig. I. Like'letters of referencedesignatecorresponding parts-in all the figures. .v i My invention consistslFirst, in arranging a series of kilns, so'as to leave an openV areaorspace at the centre, Awith one or more passage-ways leading thereto, forsupplying and removing the-brick from the kilns.

Second, in the construction of the kilns with chimneys at their top,controlled byvdampcrs, and arranging themv side by side, with theirfurnace-endscontiguous, and their back ends communicatngwith each otherby means of av flue provided with dempers, so that the products ofcombustion from the burning kiln are'conducted to and used in theproximate one in drying the 'brick before their escape from the' topthereof, the said kilns being burned successively, all as hereinaftermore fully set forth.

As illustrated by the drawings, my improved kiln is constructedvofa`series of compartments or lesser kilns arranged in a circle, anddesignated by letters A, B, C, D, E,and F, leaving an op'eh space/orarea,G, at the' centre for aii'ordingaccess to thesaid compartments. HandI are passage-ways between the compartments onA opposite sides of'thelkiln, for conveying the brick and tile.to and from the kiln. Thekiln is conveniently and economically constructed, with a contour ofpolygonal-form, the/various divisions being separated by. radialpartiticnwa-lls m m, as clearly shown in Fig. l

Each of the compartments A B, Src., is provided with a suitable numberof furnaces, n n, having doors or apertures o o, for the introduction ofthe fuel. These furnaces are separated from the main compartment by awall, p, .extending nearly tothe top,but leaving suici'ent space abovefor the passage of the products of com.

bustion into saidcompartment, as clearly shown at g-by black arrow, Fig.IV. l y

. The inner end of each compartment of the kiln, and also of theApassages H I, are provided-at the bottom with a continuous due, J, bywhichl all are connected, and a free passage 'from one' to the otherobtained, as may' be required. This flue is provided with danipers a,bfc, d, af, g',- h between each division, by which the liuc can beclosed so as to leave an open passage only between such fines, asoccasion may require. pertures r r are formed in the wall, separatingvthc iiue from thecompartmen'ts, through which the products ofcombustion are permitted .to pbss, in amanner present-ly to beexplained.

The top of each of the lesser kilns is'constructed with one or moreapertures 'or chimneys, s r,.contro,ll edl I by dempers u, for the nalescape of the products of combustion, and the vapor arising fromthedrying bricks..

The operation of my improvements, constructed as above described, is asfollows.:

The bricks, tile, or other articles to be burned are supplied .to thedifferent kilns' through one of the passages H I, and the central spaceG, and are arranged therein in any-suitable manner.

Fire is now made in the furnaces of one ofthe kilns, A, for instance,and the chimneys of the sume-closed,

vwhile thoseofthe next kiln, B, are left open.4 The dampersd c beingshut, and thev dampenb controlling. the flue between the kilnsbeing'open,'the products of combustion rising from the furnaces in A tothe top' o f the kiln, descend among the brick, and pass into the flue Jthrough apertures r r,- and thenceout intocompartment B, fromwhencetlxey escape throughthe openings s s at the top, asclearly shownin Figs. I and IV, the vblack t arrows in the latter figure beingsupposed' to show the direction' of the `draught through A, and the redarrows the course it takes through B. i

After the kiln'A has hecome sufficiently burned, 'the dampers and d areclosed and damper c opened, while the escape-passages s at Vthe top of Bare closed, and Vthe similar ones in kiln C opened. Fire is then kindledin the furnaces of B, when the now properly dried hricks are ready forburning, the products of combustion passing into kiln C, (as shown byred arrows, Fig. 1,) and thence escaping at the top in the s nme manneras from B when burning the kiln A.

The kiln A, after it has been burned, is kept closed for about a day, soas to `allow it to gradually cool, when the damper b is again opened,which permits the hot air therein to escape with the products ofcombustion Vfrom kilnB into kiln C, and 4thus be utilized in drying thematerial in the latter. After thc-escape ,of the heated air, the damperbis a second time closed, and the dampers-in the chimneys of A opened,when the cooling of the kiln is completed. The before-describedoperation is repeated in succession with the diii'erent kilns, the'brick from the burned kilns being removed through the area G anddelivery-passage as they become cold, and their place supplied withunburnt brick, so as to be ready for dryingl and burning in their properturn.

` It ismanifestthat by this means the kiln may be kept burning anindefinite period of time.

The number and arrangement of the lesser kilns may be varied, providingthe necessary communication with each other is maiutainedby means of thecontinuous iiue J.

The advantages of my 4improvements are as follows: y

The construction and arrangement of the furnaces, iluc, andV chimneysare such that the products .of combustion are distributed so as toprevent an excessive heating of any portion ofthe contents -of the kiln.

The arrangement for `conducting the products of combustion from onekilnto another'eilects a great saving in fuel, as the'productsof,combustionarecompelled to pass down through the contents of one kilnand up through the undried contents of the'other before `it can escape,by`which the greater partici' the heat is absorbed and utilized;

The dempers inthe iiue J and chimneys enable the direction and intensityof the draught to he perfectlyl controlled and regulated. v

i The general arrangement oi' the whole kiln is such as renders 'itsimple and comparatively cheap of con struction, easy of access insupplying and delivering the brick or tile, while the burning ofthe sameis effected in a. uniform and complete manner.

Another great advantage results from the draught passing through leachkiln in contrary directions, Afirst entering at the bottom in drying thebrick, which heats the lower portion the hottest,and, secondly, byentering at the top in burning, equalizes the eiiect, by its greateraction'onj the brick in the 'upper portion.'

Y What I claim as'my invention, and'dcsire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. The combination and arrangement of a series of kilns, A, B, C, Src.,with a central area, G, and passageway or ways H, I, for supplying andremoving the bricks and tile, substantially in the manner set forth.

2. I also claim'the furnaces n, bridgenvall p, and connecting-flue J andchimneys S, arranged substantially as herein described.

ROBERT ROBSON.

Witnesses:

JAY HYATT, V. H. Bacana.

